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BEAR REPELLANT TIPS:

North America has been home to both Black bears and Grizzly bears for thousands of years.

Several states in the U.S. and Canada currently have stable populations of black bears and less than 1,000 Grizzly bears are remaining in the lower 48 states. With recent changes in hunting laws some areas are seeing increasing numbers of black bears. Greater numbers of bears and people in bear country have given rise to concerns about bear spray, bear attack and bear safety. Bear repellant pepper spray should always be carried with you when in bear country. Bear repellent spray is a proven defense against possible grizzly bear attack and black bear attack. Bear safety has greatly increased because of bear pepper spray which is made of oleoresin capsicum, an effective bear repellent for black bears, grizzlies, brown bears and even polar bears. Keep in mind though that bear pepper spray is not intended to be used like insect repellent. You should never apply bear spray to your cloths, tent or gear. Bear spray is used by pointing then spraying the bear pepper spray directly at the oncoming bear and should always be carried in a holster and not buried in a back pack !  Bear safety however, is more involved than just having a bear repellant handy. You can reduce your risk of conflict with bears by better understanding them, their habitat and by following some safety tips below.

BEAR SAFETY TIPS - AVOIDING A BEAR ATTACK:

Every bear has a home range and within that home range they use trails just as people do. Being aware of tracks, droppings (scat) claw marks on rotten logs, freshly overturned rocks or an animal carcass can help alert you to bear country. Bears are constantly looking for food and have an acute sense of smell. Bears depend on berry patches and roam stream bottoms in search for food and water.

Bears are solitary animals and don’t associate with other bears unless it's breeding season (early summer) or when a sow is with her cubs. Stumbling on to some bear cubs can quickly lead to an encounter with a protective and aggressive sow. Finding an animal carcass that may belong to a bear is another good reason to be alert when in bear country.

HIKING TIPS: 

Hiking at dawn or dusk may increase you chances of meeting a bear. Bears may be active any time of the day, most often during morning and evening twilight. Use extra caution in places where hearing and visibility is limited. Remember when walking down wind from a bear, their ability to detect you is decreased and you may suddenly surprise an unsuspecting bear or cubs. You can help prevent this occurrence by talking, whistling, etc. Remember it is always a good idea to hike with someone else and not alone. Always carry your bear spray in a holster not in your pack. 

If you see a bear:

There are no definite rules about what to do if you meet a bear, In almost all cases, the bear will detect you first and will leave the area. Bear attacks are rare compared to bear encounters. However if you do meet a bear before it has had time to leave an area; here are some suggestions. Remember: Every situation is different with respect to the bear, the terrain, and their activity.

1. Stay calm. If you see a bear and it hasn’t seen you, calmly leave the area. As you move away, talk aloud to let the bear discover your presence so as to give it a chance to leave and not be threatened.

2. Stop. Back away slowly while facing the bear. Avoid eye direct eye contact, as bears may perceive this as a threat. Give the bear plenty of room to escape. Wild bears rarely attack unless they are threatened or provoked.

3. If on a trail, step off the trail on the down hill side and slowly leave the area. Do not run from a bear, running is likely to prompt a bear to give chase and you can't outrun a bear.

4.  Do not scream. Screaming triggers predatory instincts in bears and mountain lions and sounds like distressed prey.

5. Speak softly this may reassure the bear that no harm is meant to it.

6. Coming between a female and her cubs can be dangerous. If a cub is nearby try to move away from it. Be alert other cubs may be in the areas.

7. Bears use all their senses to try to identify what you are. Remember their eyesight is good and their sense of smell is acute. If a bear stands upright or moves closer, it may be trying to detect smells in the air. This is not a sign of aggression. Once it identifies you, it may leave the area or try to intimidate you by charging to within a few feet before it withdraws.

8. During a Grizzly bear attack use your bear spray or else climb a tree if one is close otherwise drop to the ground and play dead. Typically a bear will break off its attack once the threat is removed. If you're with a group of people, stand your ground and use your bear spray.

9. Fight back if your attacked by a black bear, Black bears have been driven away when people have fought back using rocks, sticks, binoculars etc. If you have bear spray use it and never bury your bear pepper spray in your pack. Always use a bear spray holster so you have swift access to your bear repellent.
    

CAMPING TIPS:

Keep your camp clean. Store your food and garbage properly at all times. Keep your tent and sleeping bags free of all food smells. Avoid eating in your tent. Store the cloths you wore while cooking and eating in a plastic bag with your food. Wipe up table or clean up eating area thoroughly. Bear safety greatly depends on these tips.